Oil burner



June 23, 1942. 7 w. J. FlSHEL 2,287,346

OIL BURNER Filed Oct. 12, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l 6/ 43 Z6 f 33 f .l' THERM'os-m l 4 INVENTOR.

XTTORNEYS.

June 23, 1942. w. J. FISHEL 01L BURNER Filed Oct. 12, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 THERMOSTAI:

HE MOTAT' 3 T R'S ATTORNEYS.

i Patented June 23, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE -2,za1,s4s l This invention relates to oil burners and while it is designed primarily for use in connection with hot air circulators of the type to be set up in the rooms of residences, stores, and the like, it can also be employed within the furnaces of central heating systems.

An object of the invention is to provide a burner to which the fuel is supplied by gravity,

there being contained within the burner a'vapor-' izer in the form of a metal post of copper or other suitable metal highly efflcient as a medium for absorbing and conducting heat. e

A further object is to provide the burner with a new and novel arrangement of baifles combined with air intake ports by which thorough mixing complete combustion at all times during the operation of the burner.

With theforegoing and other objects in view I which will appear as the description proceeds,

the invention consists of certain novel details of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter more fully described and pointed out in the claims, it being understood that changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of the'invention as claimed. y

In the accompanying drawings the preferred form of the invention has been shown.

In said drawings Figure 1 is an elevation of a heater equipped with thepresent improvements, a portion of the casing of the heater being broken away to show the burner therein.

Figure 2 is an enlarged central vertical section through the burner taken on the line2-'-2, Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3, Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4, Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a section on line 55, Figure 2.

Referring to the figures by characters of reference, designates the hollow body portion of air intake ports 8. A disk 'I is pivotally joined to control the flow of the burner which, in the present instance, is v at its center to the bottom 5, as shown at 8 and constitutes a rotatable damper. This disk'has an annular series of apertures 9 adapted to move- (ill into and out 6. For the purpose of effecting movement of the damper, an ear I0 is extended upwardly therefrom and through a slot I I in the bottom 5, this slot of course being atall times closed'by the damper; To the ear i0 is secured the lower end of a'thermostat. |2 the upper end of which is fixedly secured to the wall of the body l as indicated at I3. This thermostat can be formed of connected strips of metal having different coefficients of expansion so that temperature changes will causethe strip to bend in one direction or another thereby stepping up a corresponding movement of the damper so that the ports 6 can be partly or entirely opened or closed; thereby fresh air therethrough into the jacket 4.

concentrically located on and' secured to the bottom 2 of the body I is the enlarged base l4 of a post |5 which extends upwardly within the body to apoint below but adjacent to the center of an opening l6 located at the center of a partition I! which forms the top of a combustion chamber l8 in the lower portion of the body.

Extending upwardly from the wall ofthe opening I6 is a flared outlet sleeve l9.

superposed baflie rings 20, 2| and 22 are supported within' the body I about the post |5. These rings are spaced from the post and if desired the middle ring 2| can be nearer the post apertures 24 is located in the body I below .the.

top or partition I1 and are for the same purpose.

An air intake flue 25 extends through the wall of body and is provided, at its inner end, with a downwardly extending portion 26 coaxial with sleeve [9 and opening I6 but spaced from the sleeve as shown. The outer or inlet end ofthe flue'25 can be enlarged as shown at 21 and is adapted to be closed by a suspended damper 28 mounted to swing about a transverse pivot'29 at the upper end of the flue inlet. An arm 30 is extended from the upper end of the bailie and is so positioned that it will act as a weight normally to hold the lower end of the damper pressed outwardly against a stop flange 3| at the inlet end of the flue. A finger 32 is extended laterally from the damper at a point above its pivot 29 and is adapted to be engaged-by the movable end of a thermostat 33 one end of which is secured to the jacket 4. This thermostat can be of the usual bi-metaltype so that changes of temperature will cause it to press against or of register with the respective ports has good hea-t-conducting properties, this post and base constituting a vaporizing core which will quickly convert unvaporized fuel into vapor adjustably connected, as at 33, to a bi-me'tal thermostat 31 in the form of a strip which bridges the flue 3 and is supported at its ends on suitable brackets 33 or the like. Obviously variations in temperature adjacent to thermostat 31 will cause the rod 35 to move upwardly or downwardly, carrying with it the spreader 34 which thus acts to control the flow of air downwardly from flue 25.. The disk or'spreader 34 acts to divert the inflowing air radially so that it will mix at the margin of the disk 34 with the products of combustion'issuing in a circular stream from the opening is and about the disk 34.

A pipe 33 is provided for supplying liquid fuel by gravity to the bottom portion of the body I, it being understood that the flow can be 06ntrolled by a suitably located valve indicated generslly at 40. This valve, when open, can be so constructed that the amount of fuel admitted to the burner will be just suflicient to maintain a thin fllm of liquid fuel on the bottom 2 while the fuel is burning. Means for opening and closing the valve has been indicated generally at 4| and can be controlled by a thermostat 42 so that when a room temperature reaches a predetermined degree, the valve can be either opened or closed.

When the valve 40 is open to admit liquid fuel to the body of the burner, fuel will accumulate in a thin film on the bottom 2 and about the base l4 of the post It. It is then ignited and the products of combustion rising within the combustion chamber [8 will follow a circuitous path while mixing with jets of fresh air admitted through the openings 23 and 24. The amount of thisair will be dependent on the position of the damper 1. This supply of air is suflicient for starting purposes. As the-air surrounding theburner becomes heated, it will acton thermostat 33 to gradually open the damper 28, thus admitting fresh air to the flue 25 which will descend and be spread radially in all directions by the disk 34,thereby mixing thoroughly with the products of combustion issuing from the upper end of the sleeve l9. Consequently combustion will be further promoted and the heat in the burner intensified. As the air surrounding the -air supplied at damper 34 when brought into contact therewith after the burner has been well started.

When the burner is cold, as during the starting operation, the openings in the bottom of jacket 4 are opened. Thus air issupplied freely to the fuel within the burner. ture increases, however, the supply of air through the bottom 5 will be gradually cut oil so that combustion thereafter will be dependent upon where it mixes with the vaporized fuel as before explained.

As before stated the burner can be set up within a room heater as sho for example, in Fig. 1 wherein the casing of the heater has been indicated at 43. When thus located its lower portion is extended through and supported by an" imperforate partition 44 so that air can flow upwardly therethrough solely through the burner.

For central heating systems the burner can of course be set up within a furnace.

burner is increased in temperature the damper 28 will open to a greater extent, thereby increasing the supply of air and as the heat resulting from combustion within the burner increases and the thermostat 31'shifts as a result thereof, the disk or spreader 34 will be moved gradually toward the outlet or lower end portion 26 of flue 25 with the result that while the size of the. air stream will becut down at this point, the velocity of the air will beincreased, thereby increasing.

the spread of the flame over a greater area in the burner and correspondingly reducing its tem-' perature as a result of the excessive fanning action of the air. As a result of this cooperation of the two members 28 and 34 a substantially predetermined temperature can be maintained in the burner based upon the temperature of the air in the conduit or space between the burner the bottom portion of an air flue opening into and the surrounding casing. vaporization of the fuel is facilitatedby the use of the base l4 and post It formed of copper or other metal which Should it be found desirable, a thermostat fuel-control valve could be arranged so as to cooperate with the damper-operating means so that the operation of the dampers and the fuel valve would be dependent one upon the other.

What is claimed is:

1. A burner for use in heaters comprising a I body having, a combustion chamber in thelower portion thereof provided with a flared outlet at its top, a jacket surrounding the combustion chamber and communicating therewith, said jacket having an air inlet, means for supplying liquid fuel to the bottom portion of the combustion chamber, an air flue opening into the body and downwardly toward the flared outlet of the combustion chamber, said flue having an air inlet at its outer end, means outside of but controlled by heat generated within the combustion chamber for increasing the flow of air into said inlet as the temperature in the burner rises, a spreader interposed between the flue out? let and the outlet of the combustion chamberf crease the velocity and spread of the increased I volume of air admitted through the flue inlet.

2. A burner for use in heaters comprising a body having a combustion chamber in the lower portion thereof provided with an outlet in its top, said combustion chamber having air inlet openings, ,a jacket surrounding the apertured portion of the combustion chamber and having an air inlet, means for supplying liquid fuel to the body and downwardly toward the outlet of the combustion chamber,

said flue having an air inlet at its outer end, a

spreading disk of greater diameter than the flue outletand interposed between said outlet and the outlet of the combustion chamber, a thermostat within the burner and connected to the disk, a damper atthe inlet of a flue, and a thermostat outside of but close to the burner and connected to the damper, said thermostats constitutingmeans for simulaneously opening the damper'and moving'the disk toward the flue during a risev in temperature, thereby to increase the supply of air to the flue outlet and increase the velocity and spread of the air at said outlet.

. WILLIAM J. FISHEL,

As the temperathe combustion chamber, 

